Superior Mall. No one goes there.

I've run on the east high school track. I had to climb over the fence though. 

UMD is probably the best. And when your mind starts going to mush from running on the track, you can cross the road to the plush trails at Bagley nature area. (Which link via SHT to Hartley and the world.)

UWS in Superior and Hermantown HS also have tracks. 
Duluth East no longer has a track, it was removed as part of the remodeling project to improve the soccer field.

Not to change the subject too much... but have you tried trail running? Duluth has some of the finest trails in the Midwest. Hartley, Bagley, and Lester River are some of my favorites on the east side.  We also have the Superior hiking trail that meanders through Duluth hillsides. Paved trails like the Munger give you access to a host of other options to the west of Duluth. With whatever you do, have fun... and always try to use quick, light steps!

Proctor High track is easily accessible but you'll get a stronger breeze up on that hill in the open.  UWS track is accessible as well but also windy.  You could also try the old cinder track in Proctor off of Boundary ave.  I think it's still there.  Nice soft surface and roughly 400m.  Esko's track is easily accessible and would be sheltered from any strong winds, might still be cinder surface.  Logged a lot of laps on that track running for UWS CC before they got a track of thier own.